An Error Occurred Setting Your User Cookie. This site uses cookies to improve performance. If your browser does not accept cookies, you cannot view this site. Setting Your Browser to Accept Cookies. There are many reasons why a cookie could not be set correctly. Below are the most common reasons: You have cookies disabled in your browser. You need to reset your browser to accept cookies or to ask you if you want to accept cookies. Your browser asks you whether you want to accept cookies and you declined. Try a different browser if you suspect this. The date on your computer is in the past. If your computer's clock shows a date before 1 Jan 1. To fix this, set the correct time and date on your computer. To provide access without cookies. For example, the site. Allowing a website to create a cookie does not give that or any other site access to the. Various approaches for predicting penetration rate of hard rock. Based on data of tunneling in. Advance rates of hard rock TBMs and their effects on projects. Introduction to Tunnel Design and Construction. His expertise covers all aspects of project development from project evaluation and. Planning level tunnel cost estimation based on statistical analysis of historical data. Estimating the construction cost of a tunnel with certain diameter and length during the planning stage of a project is essential and a “must do” to justify the project, but it is a very difficult task. Numerous variables influence the cost of tunnel construction and limited information is available at early stages of design when the possible use of tunnels is being studied. Therefore, there is limited number of models at engineers’ disposal for development of a proper cost estimate in tunneling projects. The focus of this study was to offer a model for estimation of the construction cost of tunnels for various applications in the preliminary stage of a project. The work is based on study of nearly 2. Several cost estimation models are introduced for various tunnel types including waste water, water, and transportation tunnels in soft ground and rock. The model uses commonly available cost indices (CCI and BCI) to adjust the estimated costs for the time and location of the project. The proposed cost models presented in this study can included in a simple program to help users make more accurate and quick cost estimates for their future projects. The models do not deal with construction risk which is an essential part of the study of various methods and should be done through developing a risk registry with related cost of each case before final selection, design, and cost estimation of any tunneling project. Copyright . Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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